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Background Evidence about the association between air pollution and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is inconsistent, and limited studies have explored the relationship between gaseous pollutants and CIMT. Additionally, personal activity patterns and infiltrated ambient pollution are not comprehensively considered to estimate individual exposure to air pollutants. Objective To investigate the relationship between long-term time-weighted individual exposure to ambient pollutants [fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO)] and the progression of CIMT. Methods This study was performed among 554 participants in the Beijing Health Management Cohort who were free of atherosclerotic lesions on carotid artery at baseline. Daily concentrations of pollutants were predicted at both residential and work addresses based on land-use regression model. With additional consideration of personal indoor and outdoor activity patterns at both addresses and exposure to ambient pollutants from traffic transportation, individual time-weighted concentration was calculated. Indoor exposure was estimated by infiltrated ambient pollutants (based on infiltration factors and land-use regression model). Personal activity patterns included type, time, location, and frequency. Exposure to ambient pollutants from different traffic transportations was estimated by the average outdoor pollutant concentrations at both residential and work addresses combined within filtration factors and time spent on commuting. Multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the association of time-weighted individual pollutant exposure and the central position of CIMT progression. Quantile regression was applied to explore the relationship between time-weighted individual pollutant exposure and the progression of CIMT on different percentiles. Results The median value of CIMT progression was 369.49 μm·year−1. PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and O3 were associated with CIMT progression in the multiple linear regression model. The largest effect sizes of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 were obtained for one-year exposure (regression coefficient: 66.910, 64.077, and 191.070, respectively), and two-year exposure for O3 (regression coefficient: 62.197). The results of quantile regression demonstrated different effect sizes for pollutants among different percentiles on CIMT progression. Significant associations between CIMT progression and PM2.5 from P30 to P50, CO from P10 to P40, and PM10 from P30 to P60 were observed. Two-year and three-year exposures to NO2 (P10, P20 and P40) were also associated with CIMT progression. The association between SO2 and the progression of CIMT was proved on all percentiles, and larger effect sizes of one-year and two-year exposures to SO2 (except P90) were demonstrated with increasing percentiles. The upward trend for the coefficients was clearly presented from P50 to P80. Specifically, the coefficient of two-year exposure to SO2 ranged from 136.583 (P50) to 277.330 (P80). No statistically significant association was observed between O3 and CIMT progression on any percentile (P>0.05), and the results were inconsistent with those of the multiple linear regression. Conclusion Individual time-weighted exposures to PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO have the potential to promote the progression of CIMT, and the adverse effect of ambient pollution on atherosclerotic lesion is identified.
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Aims: The aim of this study is to compare major risk factors in Coronary Artery Disease patients with significant atherosclerotic lesions in both genders. Study Design: Cross-Sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: From Aug 2012 to Dec 2013, 299 consecutive patients who underwent angiography at the coronary angiography laboratory in Ghaem hospital were enrolled in this study. Methodology: Demographic data was collected by an interviewer based on a checklist. Moreover, a member of our research group examined patients for weight, height, and blood pressure. For each patient a blood sample was taken and angiography was done by an expert. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 11.5, using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and non-parametric equivalent, Kruskal- Wallis. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Participants in this study were Iranian and 52.8% were female. The females were older than males (mean age 59±10.14 vs 58±12.4); and the majority of them were married and lived in urban areas. Among 169 patients that were recruited in the study, 95 (55.6%) had a positive history of hypertension (HTN), 77 (46.4%) hyperlipidemia, and 55 (32.5%) type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The observed differences in these parameters between two genders were significant (P<0.001, P=0.001 and P=0.001), respectively. Among the participants, 40 (46.4%) were smokers (at present or in the past). Conclusion: Our results show that the prevalence of HLP, HTN and T2DM among Iranian women who belong to the CAD patients’ population is more than men.
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Objective To determine the association between serum potassium level and the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 246 patients underwent coronary artery angiography were included into this study, and were divided into four groups according to the involved main coronary artery:control group (0 diseased vessel, n=81), one dis?eased vessel group (n=43), double diseased vessel group (n=46) and three diseased vessel group (n=76). Patients were also di?vided into low potassium group (K+double diseased vessel group>one diseased vessel group>control group (P<0.05). (2) There was a significantly higher Gensini score in low potassium group [36(8, 94)] than that of high potassium group [16(0,56)]. (3) There was significant negative correlation between serum potassium level and Gensini score (r=-0.206, P=0.001). (4) It was found that age, male, the low level of serum potassium, diabetes mellitus and hyperten?sion were independent risk factors of CHD. Conclusion The serum potassium level is negatively correlated with the severi?ty of CHD. The low level of serum potassium is an independent risk factor of CHD.
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Introducción No existen estudios previos que evalúen la inteligencia emocional en adultos asintomáticos con lesiones ateroscleróticas coronarias. ObjetivoEn este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar la inteligencia emocional como rasgo en adultos asintomáticos con y sin lesiones ateroscleróticas coronarias, junto con comparar los datos estadísticos de los mismos. Diseño y método Estudio de corte transversal. Participaron 100 adultos asintomáticos, entre 30 y 80 años, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, y que se realizaron una angiotomografía coronaria derivados por su médico tratante. La presencia o ausencia de lesión se determinó utilizando un tomógrafo computarizado multicorte de 64 canales. La inteligencia emocional se evaluó mediante la aplicación del test Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Resultados: La muestra fue constituida por 73 por ciento hombres y 27 por ciento mujeres. 51 por ciento tenía lesión aterosclerótica coronaria, 78 por ciento presentó puntajes inferiores a los valores de referencia tanto para el factor claridad como para el factor reparación emocional. 79 por ciento presentó puntajes superiores a los valores de referencia para el factor atención emocional. Se hallaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la presencia de lesión aterosclerótica coronaria y cada uno de los tres factores evaluados: atención emocional, Chi-cuadrado: 0,302, p=0,043; claridad emocional, Chi-cuadrado: -0,312, p=0,040; y regulación emocional, Chi-cuadrado: -0,313, p=0,040. Conclusiones: Las personas con lesiones ateroscleróticas coronarias presentaron una tendencia excesiva a centrarse en la experiencia emocional, observando y pensando sobre las propias emociones, así como una baja habilidad para identificar, distinguir y describir las emociones que experimentan. También evidenciaron habilidad disminuida para reducir o eliminar las emociones negativas e incrementar o mantener la intensidad de las emociones positivas.
Introduction There are no prior studies that assess emotional intelligence in asymptomatic adults with coronary atherosclerosis. Aim The purpose of this study is to explore associations between emotional intelligence in asymptomatic adults with and without coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Design and methodCross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 100 asymptomatic 30 to 80 year-old adults that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and who underwent coronary multislice computed tomography. Coronary atherosclerosis was shown by 64-channel multislice computed tomography. Emotional intelligence was assessed by applying the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Results The sample was composed of 73 percent men and 27 percent women. Fifty-one percent had coronary atherosclerotic lesions, 78 percent had scores below the reference values for both Clarity and Repair. Seventy-nine percent had scores above the reference values for Attention. Statistically significant associations were found between the presence of coronary atherosclerotic lesion and: a) emotional attention, chi-square: 0.302, p=0.043, b) emotional clarity, chi-square: -0.312, p=0.040, b) emotional regulation, chi-square: -0.313, p=0.040. Conclusions: People with coronary atherosclerotic lesions showed an excessive tendency to focus on their own feelings and higher levels of rumination, together with lower ability to identify, distinguish and describe their emotions. Likewise, they have lower ability to reduce or eliminate negative emotions and to increase or maintain the intensity of positive emotions.